Fundamentals (O/W, W/O emulsions), HLB system for emulsifier selection, preparation methods, basic instability issues (creaming, coalescence), and characterization.

Rheological concepts (viscosity, shear stress, shear rate), non-Newtonian behavior, use of viscometers and rheometers, and application in product texture and stability.

Principles of film coating, polymer selection, equipment (pan types, spray systems), formulation of coating suspensions, and common defects and troubleshooting.

Fluidization principles, applications (drying, granulation, coating), equipment, critical process parameter monitoring, and scale-up considerations

Fundamentals of Granulation (Wet vs. Dry), Binder selection, critical process parameters for High-Shear and Fluid Bed Granulation, process monitoring, and basic scale-up and troubleshooting.

Particle Characterization (size, shape, surface area), practical analysis of powder flowability, blending principles, prevention of segregation and sampling.

Focus on Excipient Functionality and selection, understanding drug-excipient compatibility, and basic considerations for Excipient Quality (CQAs).

Ingredient categories (emollients, surfactants, preservatives), functionality in different product types (skin, hair), natural vs. synthetic approaches, and basic regulatory aspects.

Factors influencing oral absorption of drug substances, dissolution – fundamentals and equipment, the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), design of dissolution tests and the link to formulation strategies.

The challenges of poor solubility, overview of key enhancement technologies (Micronization, Surfactants, Amorphous Solid Dispersions, Nanosuspensions, Lipid Systems), and practical formulation strategies.

Rationale for controlled release, various release mechanisms (dissolution, diffusion, osmotic), design of oral systems (matrix tablets, coated pellets) and discriminatory dissolution testing.

Granulation theory (wet/dry), binder selection, process control, tablet development strategies, direct compression, excipients, diluents, lubricants, glidants, anti-adherents, compression mechanics, tablet presses, tooling, common problems (capping, sticking), encapsulation (hard capsules) and regulatory compliance (QbD, Validation).